达沙替尼(Dasatinib)
抑制激酶信息传递相关的通路以阻止病毒入侵
对SARS-CoV及MERS-CoV具有作用,可能对SARS-CoV-2有效
由于2019年爆發的疫情影响,SARS-CoV-2病毒感染地区的人群呈现出不同程度的心理变化,有研究认为权力机构和医疗机构应当对病毒、病毒所引起的疾病和受疫情影响的群众进行考虑,缓解心理压力。[375]
在2019年爆發的疫情由于持续时间长,有评论认为,全球的医护人员不是医院的硬件设施可以24小时运转,他们的身心健康需要得到关注。评论指出,对在疫情中治疗COVID-19患者的医生和护士,需要提供足够的家庭支持和心理疏导,这一评论将他们称为当时“每一个国家最珍贵的资源”。[376] 一项针对专门照护COVID-19患者的医护人员的研究指出,近半具有包括抑郁、焦虑、失眠等负面情绪,约10-20%的受调查者心理健康风险被评为中度或重度。[377]
传播学
SARS-CoV-2于2019年底爆发时,病毒以及它所引发的疾病COVID-19的命名问题引起公众讨论。[378] 有学者认为在网络平台上广泛传播的具有污名效应的名称会带来现实社会的负面影响,且种族主义等意识形态会以社交平台为媒介放大声音。[379] [380] [381]
利用SARS-CoV-2的不同称呼,包括“中国病毒 ”(Chinese Virus )、“武汉病毒 ”(Wuhan Virus )、“冠狀病毒”(Coronavirus)、「新冠病毒」(Novel Coronavirus)等词,有研究对人群的词汇使用倾向和潜在心理机制进行了大数据分析。[382] [383] 这些研究采用了从社交平台Twitter上抓取的相关数据,包括使用的词汇、账号年龄、用户年龄、性别、政治倾向等多个维度的信息。[382] [383] 对年龄进行分组后,以使用“中国病毒”等争议性词汇的用户(Controversial,以下简称为CD)对比使用“新冠病毒”等非争议性词汇的用户(Non-Controversial,以下简称ND)发现,不同年龄段的用户在词汇选择上具有显著差异。其中,使用ND词汇的用户的比例在24岁以下年龄段远高于使用CD词汇的用户。[382] 针对性别的对比则发现,具有高粉丝数、好友数、点赞数等数据的用户更倾向于使用ND词汇。研究猜测,用户因其账户是一种社会资本,为维护账号状态而会采纳更谨慎的措辞。[382] 另一研究在统计数据的基础上,配合语言学分析模型,对用户的四种语言学变量进行了量化对比。[383] 其中,使用ND词汇的用户在这一模型中展示出更正式、具有逻辑的文本写作模式,且在表达上具有更多的正面情绪。[383] 这一研究针对用户使用词汇倾向而体现的心态差异进行了深入的分析发现使用CD词汇的用户更倾向于表达愤怒的情感,而ND词汇使用者更倾向于表达伤感。[383] 研究将这些数据和其他数据如不同的报纸、小说及博客等媒体中的文本进行了对比,发现使用CD词汇的用户写作风格类似博客及日常对话等非正式写作,而使用ND词汇的用户写作风格则类似纽约时报等正式的写作。[383]
相关争议
2020年1月30日,一篇有关新型冠状病毒在流行病学上的病例研究发表于新英格兰医学期刊 ,其中一项发现为德国有可能存在无症状传播者 。[384] 2月3日,Science 期刊刊登了一篇报道质疑了这项内容的准确和可靠性。[385] 在报道中指出,德国的公共卫生机构罗伯特·科赫研究所向NEJM致信,指出由于在调查流行病学接触史时,凭依的仅仅是受到疑似无病症患者感染的患者的描述,却未证实病患本人的说辞。经调查显示,这名零号病人属于已经有明显症状,依靠药物抑制后在旅行途中感染他人的。有相关学者评论认为,尽管在研究过程中将未完全确认的患者称为无症状病例是有问题的,但是需要理解研究者可能过于紧张,不可能与所有人进行交谈,且也非刻意粉饰事实。[385]
2020年1月31日,预印本网站BioRxiv 上刊登了一篇讨论新型冠状病毒基因构成的论文。论文称,在病毒的S蛋白内发现4组和HIV-1 基因相似的序列。作者认为这样的结果在自然中为偶然结果的可能性很小。[386] 这篇论文引起针对新型冠状病毒的多种争议,包括人工插入基因序列等观点。哈佛大学的一名教授大卫·刘指出,这篇论文的结论本身就很可疑,缺乏更完善的分析和立论基础。[387] 在论文发表后的数小时内,网页评论区内多位相关学者对文中提到的基因序列进行了测试。超过十数条评论解释,利用NCBI的病毒数据库,以及用于进行序列对比的BLAST程序,不但证明多种冠状病毒已存有部分一致的HIV基因,且分析认为当HIV的基因序列占据全数据库的四分之一时,从病毒学角度上而言非常有可能形成论文指出的基因插入。[386] 2月2日,论文作者将论文从网站上撤下,但可继续查看全文及相关评论。[388]
2020年2月18日,来自八个国家和多个不同科研机构的27名公共卫生领域的科学家于《柳叶刀》上联合发表声明,指出对SARS-CoV-2病毒以及其引起的疾病COVID-19的谣言和阴谋论妨碍了疫情相关数据的共享。声明的签署人共同指出,他们想要促进科学的论证和团结,邀请更多的科学家加入这份声明。[389]
參見
註釋
^ 该病毒株编号为“NPRC 2020.00002”
^ 以Vero E6和Huh-7细胞系培养的状况下
^ 实验型号为GS-5734
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